Comparing the Teachings of Fasting in Christianity and Islam: A Reflective Comparison
Abstract
Fasting is one of the religious practices or rituals/worship found in almost every religious tradition, including the Christian and Islamic religious traditions. Several scholars of religious studies, through various research, claim that fasting was practiced thousands of years ago by various religious adherents in the world and persists to this day. This study attempts to describe the teachings and practices of fasting in Christianity and Islam and then provides an analysis of the similarities and differences in implementing these teachings in the context of Indonesia. This study is library research in the sense that this study will rely on books and scientific journals related to this topic as primary data sources. This study found that the practice of fasting in Christianity and Islam each has its meaning, uniqueness, and characteristics. For example, they have their meaning about the purpose of fasting, the arguments they use for fasting, the types of fasting, and the procedures. Furthermore, this study argues that religious teachings, both Christianity and Islam, are dynamic, multi-interpretative, and contextual.
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References
A.H., S. (1975). Fasting in Islam. In Journal of the American Dietetic Association (Vol. 67, Issue 1).
Alfian, A. (2022). Fasting in Christianity. Researchgate.Net. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359789933_Fasting_in_Christianity
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Ariyanto, M. D., Mahmud, A., & Wijayanti, T. Y. (2012). Konsep Puasa dalam Agama Protestan. Jurnal Suhuf, 24(2). https://doi.org/http://hdl.handle.net/11617/3085
Azize, J. (2014). Fasting in Christianity and Gurdjieff. Journal for the Academic Study of Religion, 27(3), 285–302.
Azizi, F. (2010). Islamic fasting and health. In Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (Vol. 56, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1159/000295848
Babbie, E. (2014). The Practice of Social Research (14th ed., Vol. 22, Issue 1). Cengage Learning.
Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. Textbooks Collection.
Blaikie, N. (2005). Designing Social Research: The Logic of Anticipation. Polity Press and Backwell Publishing.
Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2008). The Craft of Research. The University of Chicago Press.
Bradshaw, P. F., & Johnson, M. E. (2011). The Origins of Feasts, Fasts and Seasons in Early Christianity. Liturgical Press.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (Fourth). Oxford University Press.
Clancy, P. M. J., Kennedy, G. T., & Lynch, J. E. L. (2002). Fast and Abstinence. In B. L. Marthaler, G. F. LaNave, J. Y. Tan, & R. E. McCarron (Eds.), New Catholic Encyclopedia (Second Edi). Thomson-Gale and The Catholic University of America.
Crehan, J. H. (1974). The Historical Development of the Easter Vigil and related services in the Greek Church. By Gabriel Bertoniere Pp. xxviii + 321, and 17 charts. (Orientalia Christiana Analecta, 193.) Rome: Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies, 1972. L. 7,000. The Journal of Theological Studies, XXV(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/xxv.1.199
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Dey, I. (2005). Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-Friendly Guide for Social Scientists. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group.
Douglas, J. D. (Ed.). (2008). Ensiklopedi AlKitab Masa Kini. Yayasan Komunikasi Bina Kasih.
Epafras, L. C. (2020). Fasting and Abstinence in Christianity. Academia.Edu. https://www.academia.edu/42835721/Fasting_and_Abstinence_in_Christianity
Franklin, J. (2009). Puasa. Immanuel.
Gulevich, T. (2001). Encyclopedia of Easter, Carnival, and Lent. Omnigraphics Inc.
Harianto, G. P. (2021). Teologi “Puasa” dalam Perspektif Kesehatan, Psikologis dan Spiritual untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Manusia Hidup. Excelsis Deo: Jurnal Teologi, Misiologi, Dan Pendidikan, 5((2)), 155-170. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51730/ed.v5i2.82
Hossain, M. Z. (2012). Fasting in Islam : Its Excellence, Benefits and Use for Sustainable Development of the Society. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(3).
Ismail, S., Manaf, R., & Mahmud, A. (2019). Comparison of time-restricted feeding and islamic fasting: A scoping review. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 25(4). https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.19.011
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King, G., Keohane, R. O., & Verba, S. (1994). Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Priceton University Press.
Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, N., Jumale, A., Balasubramaniam, R., Health Authority, D., & Specialist Registrar, S. (2017). Adverse Health Effects Associated with Islamic Fasting: A Literature Review. J Fasting Health, 5(3).
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Mustafit, A. K. (2004). Kupas Tuntas Puasa. Qultummedia.
Nasr, S. H. (2008). The Garden of Truth: The Vision and Promise of Sufism, Islam’s Mystical Tradition. HarperCollins.
Nazir, M. (2003). Metode Penelitian. Ghalia Indonesia.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th Revise). Pearson Education Limited.
Nurfadillah, I. (2021). Puasa dalam Agama Islam dan Katolik. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau.
Pakkir Maideen, N. M., Jumale, A., Alatrash, J. I., & Abdul Sukkur, A. A. (2017). Health Benefits of Islamic Intermittent Fasting. Journal of Fasting and Health, 5(4).
Perdew, S. (2021). Reflections on a Year of Eucharistic Fasting. Liturgy, 36(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/0458063X.2021.1951085
Pourabbasi, A., Ebrahimnegad Shirvani, M. S., & Shams, A. H. (2019). Does Islamic fasting affect cognitive functions in adolescents? A systematic review. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 69(8).
Prutskova, E. v. (2018). Easter cakes and/or eucharist: Typology of orthodox christians participating in the blessing of easter food. Monitoring Obshchestvennogo Mneniya: Ekonomicheskie i Sotsial’nye Peremeny, 144(2). https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2018.2.14
Qardhawi, Y. (2008). Mukjizat Puasa (Resep Ilahi Agar Sehat Ruhani-Jasmani). Mizania.
Ramadani. (2008). Makna Puasa di Kalangan Narapidana Muslim dan Kristen (Studi Kasus di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Tangerang). Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Rhodes, R. (2015). The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences. Harvest House Publishers.
Sakr, A. H. (1975). Fasting in Islam. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203981016-7
Siregar, E. M. (2022). Prinsip Pelaksanaan Puasa Menurut Yoel 2: 12-17 Bagi Kekristenan Masa Kini. Manna Rafflesia, 8(2), 449–474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v8i2.218
Smart, N. (1996). The Sacred: an Anatomy of the World’s Beliefs. Harper Collins Publishers.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R & D. Penerbit Alfabeta.
Umaroh, A. N. (2017). Materi Puasa dalam Kitab Sharh Riyad Al-Badi‟ah dan Relevansinya dengan Kesehatan Mental. IAIN Ponorogo.
Wauran, M. H. (2013). Puasa di Kalangan Umat Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh. JFF (Jurnal Fakultas Filsafat), 2(1).
Wijayanti, T. Y. (2010). Konsep Puasa dalam Agama Islam dan Protestan (Studi Perbandingan). Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta,.
Wolff, E., & von Sinner, R. (2020). Holy communion/eucharist in times of covid-19: Catholic and lutheran perspectives - A dialogue. Perspectiva Teologica, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.20911/21768757V52N3P633/2020
Woodhead, L. (2005). Christianity: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/0192803220
Zuhdi, M. N., & Sumanji, M. A. (2008). 125 Masalah Puasa. PT. Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri.
Alfian, A. (2022). Fasting in Christianity. Researchgate.Net. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359789933_Fasting_in_Christianity
Almulhem, M., Susarla, R., Alabdulaali, L., Khunti, K., Karamat, M. A., Rasiah, T., Tahrani, A. A., Hanif, W., & Nirantharakumar, K. (2020). The effect of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular events and risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. In Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (Vol. 159). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107918
Ariyanto, M. D., Mahmud, A., & Wijayanti, T. Y. (2012). Konsep Puasa dalam Agama Protestan. Jurnal Suhuf, 24(2). https://doi.org/http://hdl.handle.net/11617/3085
Azize, J. (2014). Fasting in Christianity and Gurdjieff. Journal for the Academic Study of Religion, 27(3), 285–302.
Azizi, F. (2010). Islamic fasting and health. In Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (Vol. 56, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1159/000295848
Babbie, E. (2014). The Practice of Social Research (14th ed., Vol. 22, Issue 1). Cengage Learning.
Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. Textbooks Collection.
Blaikie, N. (2005). Designing Social Research: The Logic of Anticipation. Polity Press and Backwell Publishing.
Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2008). The Craft of Research. The University of Chicago Press.
Bradshaw, P. F., & Johnson, M. E. (2011). The Origins of Feasts, Fasts and Seasons in Early Christianity. Liturgical Press.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods (Fourth). Oxford University Press.
Clancy, P. M. J., Kennedy, G. T., & Lynch, J. E. L. (2002). Fast and Abstinence. In B. L. Marthaler, G. F. LaNave, J. Y. Tan, & R. E. McCarron (Eds.), New Catholic Encyclopedia (Second Edi). Thomson-Gale and The Catholic University of America.
Crehan, J. H. (1974). The Historical Development of the Easter Vigil and related services in the Greek Church. By Gabriel Bertoniere Pp. xxviii + 321, and 17 charts. (Orientalia Christiana Analecta, 193.) Rome: Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies, 1972. L. 7,000. The Journal of Theological Studies, XXV(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/xxv.1.199
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Dey, I. (2005). Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-Friendly Guide for Social Scientists. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group.
Douglas, J. D. (Ed.). (2008). Ensiklopedi AlKitab Masa Kini. Yayasan Komunikasi Bina Kasih.
Epafras, L. C. (2020). Fasting and Abstinence in Christianity. Academia.Edu. https://www.academia.edu/42835721/Fasting_and_Abstinence_in_Christianity
Franklin, J. (2009). Puasa. Immanuel.
Gulevich, T. (2001). Encyclopedia of Easter, Carnival, and Lent. Omnigraphics Inc.
Harianto, G. P. (2021). Teologi “Puasa” dalam Perspektif Kesehatan, Psikologis dan Spiritual untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Manusia Hidup. Excelsis Deo: Jurnal Teologi, Misiologi, Dan Pendidikan, 5((2)), 155-170. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51730/ed.v5i2.82
Hossain, M. Z. (2012). Fasting in Islam : Its Excellence, Benefits and Use for Sustainable Development of the Society. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(3).
Ismail, S., Manaf, R., & Mahmud, A. (2019). Comparison of time-restricted feeding and islamic fasting: A scoping review. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 25(4). https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.19.011
Kementerian Agama RI. (2010). Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya: Juz 1 – 30. PT. Sygma Examedia Arkanlema.
Khan, M. M. A., Nor, N. M., Mamat, N. M., Mohd-Shukri, N. A., & Abu Bakar, W. A. M. (2016). Fasting in Islam: A combination of spiritual elevation and prevention of diseases. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 17(Specialissue2). https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v17i2.955
King, G., Keohane, R. O., & Verba, S. (1994). Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Priceton University Press.
Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, N., Jumale, A., Balasubramaniam, R., Health Authority, D., & Specialist Registrar, S. (2017). Adverse Health Effects Associated with Islamic Fasting: A Literature Review. J Fasting Health, 5(3).
Muhsinin, M. (2015). Puasa Menurut Islam dan Katolik. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 1(2). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/ah.v1i2.1056
Mustafit, A. K. (2004). Kupas Tuntas Puasa. Qultummedia.
Nasr, S. H. (2008). The Garden of Truth: The Vision and Promise of Sufism, Islam’s Mystical Tradition. HarperCollins.
Nazir, M. (2003). Metode Penelitian. Ghalia Indonesia.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th Revise). Pearson Education Limited.
Nurfadillah, I. (2021). Puasa dalam Agama Islam dan Katolik. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau.
Pakkir Maideen, N. M., Jumale, A., Alatrash, J. I., & Abdul Sukkur, A. A. (2017). Health Benefits of Islamic Intermittent Fasting. Journal of Fasting and Health, 5(4).
Perdew, S. (2021). Reflections on a Year of Eucharistic Fasting. Liturgy, 36(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/0458063X.2021.1951085
Pourabbasi, A., Ebrahimnegad Shirvani, M. S., & Shams, A. H. (2019). Does Islamic fasting affect cognitive functions in adolescents? A systematic review. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 69(8).
Prutskova, E. v. (2018). Easter cakes and/or eucharist: Typology of orthodox christians participating in the blessing of easter food. Monitoring Obshchestvennogo Mneniya: Ekonomicheskie i Sotsial’nye Peremeny, 144(2). https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2018.2.14
Qardhawi, Y. (2008). Mukjizat Puasa (Resep Ilahi Agar Sehat Ruhani-Jasmani). Mizania.
Ramadani. (2008). Makna Puasa di Kalangan Narapidana Muslim dan Kristen (Studi Kasus di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Tangerang). Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Rhodes, R. (2015). The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences. Harvest House Publishers.
Sakr, A. H. (1975). Fasting in Islam. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203981016-7
Siregar, E. M. (2022). Prinsip Pelaksanaan Puasa Menurut Yoel 2: 12-17 Bagi Kekristenan Masa Kini. Manna Rafflesia, 8(2), 449–474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v8i2.218
Smart, N. (1996). The Sacred: an Anatomy of the World’s Beliefs. Harper Collins Publishers.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R & D. Penerbit Alfabeta.
Umaroh, A. N. (2017). Materi Puasa dalam Kitab Sharh Riyad Al-Badi‟ah dan Relevansinya dengan Kesehatan Mental. IAIN Ponorogo.
Wauran, M. H. (2013). Puasa di Kalangan Umat Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh. JFF (Jurnal Fakultas Filsafat), 2(1).
Wijayanti, T. Y. (2010). Konsep Puasa dalam Agama Islam dan Protestan (Studi Perbandingan). Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta,.
Wolff, E., & von Sinner, R. (2020). Holy communion/eucharist in times of covid-19: Catholic and lutheran perspectives - A dialogue. Perspectiva Teologica, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.20911/21768757V52N3P633/2020
Woodhead, L. (2005). Christianity: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/0192803220
Zuhdi, M. N., & Sumanji, M. A. (2008). 125 Masalah Puasa. PT. Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri.
Published
2022-12-29
How to Cite
Alfian, A. (2022). Comparing the Teachings of Fasting in Christianity and Islam: A Reflective Comparison. Satya Widya: Jurnal Studi Agama, 5(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.33363/swjsa.v5i2.835
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Copyright (c) 2022 Andi Alfian
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